Following the success of his TV series 繁花/Shanghai blossoms early 2024, Wong Kar-Wai’s movie “In the mood for love” or “花樣年華” as been re-released in China this February. 2025 marks the 25th anniversary of the movie, that is shown in restored director’s cut. This is a great opportunity for many young Chinese people to view this great movie.
The 2000 Cannes Festival Palme d’Or has not lost any of its beauty. The light and pictures are still incredibly beautiful. The tender play of actress Maggie Cheung (also staring in the movie about Ruan Lingyu “Center stage”) and actor Tony Leung is still touching the spectator.
Great lights and qipao
Set in Hong Kong in the 1960s, In the mood for love tells the story of an impossible love between both characters. Although filmed in Cantonese, the movies also includes Shanghai speaking sub characters, showing the extend of the Shanghai diaspora in Hong Kong at that time, in which director Wong Kar-Wai grew up. The movie is also famous for the 20 something qipao / 旗袍 also called Cheongsam / 长衫 in HongKong worn by Maggie Cheung. They were all made by an Old Shanghai master, underlining the link between the movie and Shanghai.
Last but not least, the amazing music from Japanese composer Shigeru Umebayashi stays with the viewer long after the end of the movie. In the mood for love is one of my favorite movie and does not seem to age even if I did not understand dialogs in Cantonese (subtitles are only in Chinese for this release in China).
Located in the heart of the Old city, walking distance from Yuyuan Garden and the City God temple, Xiaotaoyuan mosque / 小桃园清真寺 is the largest mosque in Shanghai.
Although a first building was erected in 1917, the current building dates from 1925. The date of 1343 is actually written over one of the entrances, equivalent islamic equivalent to year 1925 in christian calendar. The name of the mosque is written in both Chinese and Arabic at the front of the main building.
Outside façade
The building on the street is hidden by the trees of a park.
Façade of the main building
The main building actually reflects its time of construction. The façade shows similarities with the one of the Shanghai Club on the Bund that dates from 1911. This is particularly true for the columns at the entrance and the windows of the windows on the top of each side wings.
Floors of the buildings are nicely decorated in a way that is very similar to other Old Shanghai buildings from the same period. The prayer hall is very spacious, but does not offer much details in terms of decor.
The mosque has 4 towers and one minaret. They are only really visible from the neighboring foot bridge over the main roads. The women mosque is located a few meters away, a smaller pink building that was built in 1920.
Xiaotaoyuan mosque is located on 52 Xiaotiaoyuan lu, 52 小桃园路。It’s easy to access by subway, from Laoximen station.
In more than 20 years in Shanghai (and counting), I spent many years in the former French concession but one location in particular remains a clear favorite. This was on Route Kaufmann (today Anting lu / 安亭路), where I spent 10 years. Living at the back a small lane really felt like living in Old Shanghai, and many post of this blog were inspired by the area.
Named after a former Yunnan Postal Service officer who was killed during WW1, Route Kaufmann was a wealthy and eclectic area. It was also very international as confirmed by a friend whose Chinese professor in the US once lived on Route Kaufman before 1949. This was still a fantastic place to live around 2010, and it took a real effort to move out as explained in post “Leaving Route Kaufmann“.
Location of Route Kaufmann 1913 (red dot)
As shown as above map from 1913, this area was the countryside when the French Concession was officially extended in 1914. As Route Kaufmann is on the western side of the French Concession, it was probably divided in plots and occupied from the mid 1920s. This area of the French Concession was divided in blocks that were sold to developers.
French style house on 130 Route Kaufmann, designed by LVK
The FONCIM plot probably also included Route Cohen (Gao An Lu / 高安路), that runs parallel to Route Kaufmann on the Western side. The West side of Route Cohen also counts many buildings developed by FONCIM with design from LVK, mostly apartment buildings.
FONCIM buildings on Route Cohen, designed by LVK
On the East side of route Kaufmann, a large share was sold to Asia Realty Company (ARCO), an American real estate company that flourished in Shanghai at that time. The East side is also the location of the King’s Lynn Apartments where Chester Fritz and Bernardine Szold Fritz, lived for a while. The cadastre shows this plot as property of ARCO, although I have not seen ARCO sign like on Brooklyn Court, another ARCO property.
King’s Lynn apartments
On the East side, ARCO commissioned Hungarian architect Laszlo Hudec to create houses on the plot between Route Kaufmann and Route Dufour (today Wulumuqi Lu /乌鲁木齐南路）, with some on the Eastern side of Route Dufour.
Hudec buildings West of Route Dufour
The list of inhabitants of rue Kaufmann in 1933 shows that many people lived on 9 Rue Kaufmann, which is the above mentioned King’s Lynn apartment. Chester Fritz had already left the building on that year. The Lubeck family, of one of the director of the CFTEE, Carlos Lubeck is also mentioned at number 132. I was also told that Ma Ying-chi / 马英驰, the minister of Justice of Republican China lived in 130 at some point, but in 1933 this was the home of the reverend F. Rawlison.
There is a large gap between #4 and #126. Although the cadastre shows that the land between these number was already divided, many of the buildings on the streets were not built yet. For example, the large Art Deco House located on 46 Anting lu now part of the Anting Villa Hotel, was not built yet. Similarly, on the odd side, nothing much seem to exist besides #9.
Another missing part then was today’s Anting Lu 81, the lane were I used to live in. While living there, I realized that our small lane had its own name on French Concession maps. It was called Rue d’Adina, Route d’Adina, or sometimes “Route privée d’Adina”, Chinese name was 安地那路. This was very unusual for Shanghai street name, so I started to research it. This will be the topic of further posts.
During our latest trip to the beautiful island of Gulangyu / 鼓浪屿 also called Kulangsu, in Xiamen / 厦门, I realized that my first trip there was exactly 20 years before. Things have changed on the island, but I still love going there.
Old house on Gulangyu in 2005
My first ever trip to Gulangyu was in the first days of January 2005. It was part of group tour to Fujian, mostly focused on the World famous Tulou, aka Hakka buildings. Xiamen and Gulangyu were a side trip before taking the plane. I only spent a few hours there but got under the charm of the island and its old villas.
The beautiful house hosting Night Lilly B&B in 2007
The next trip took place in February 2007, way before mobile internet and AirBnb. I heard from friends of this charming place in the heights of Gulangyu. The Night Lily guest house is long gone, but it was really charming. There was no other hotels on the island, apart from the horrible state owned one. The house was really remote and difficult to find. GPS and mapping were not available yet so we navigated the small streets of Gulangyu with a paper map… and got lost many times. Shanghai was cold and grey, Gulangyu was sunny with 20 degrees… a real paradise of silence as we barely met any tourists on the island.
Unrenovated beautiful villa on Gulangyu in 2007
We went again to the island in February 2008. Night Lilly was closed, but some new home stay and guest house had opened. We stayed at the Art Deco Boat house. The weather was really cold and we spent a lot of time in a new cafe in the former German consulate. We also climbed the Sunlight Rock and took the (now gone) Gulangyu cable car.
Gulangyu cable car and Sunlight rock (2008)
2009 trip brought some news, a real modern hotel in an old Gulangyu villa. This trip was also the first post about Gulangyu on this blog, “The revival of Gulangyu“. Old houses started renovation, but many remained in their original state like the beautiful Huangjia garden, before becoming a luxury hotel.
Huangjia Garden before renovation (2009)
Following trip in 2012 was to attend Gulangyu International Piano festival. By this time, the island had already turned into a tourist attraction, but it still had its charm at night as described in post “Night on Gulangyu“.
It took us ten years to go back to Gulangyu. One of the first trip in early January 2023, we went right after the CoVid pandemic when travel became possible again. In the meantime, Gulangyu had become a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2017 followed by a massive increase in tourism. Luckily, right after CoVid visitors were few. This time we stayed in a different part of the of the island, on the West side that was more local and industrial. It was also the first opportunity to view the inside of beautiful Huang Zhongxun estate, part of the Hui-Bon-Hua family in Saigon, that I came to see every year, now the National Record Museum as mentioned in post “Rain on Gulangyu“.
The Huang Zhongcun house on Gulangyu (2005)
The next trip in January 2024 was also the opportunity to find the former French Consulate in Amoy, that was located on Gulangyu. The history of the Consulate is described in details in post “French Consulate of Amoy“.
Former Amoy French Consulate on Gulangyu (2024)
In the most recent trip, in late December 2024, we stayed in a place overlooking the main beach, just below the Sunlight Rock. The mansion was built famous overseas Chinese merchant of Indonesia Guo Chuyang in the 1920s. Xiamen had a lot of connection with South-East Asia, as explained in post “Xiamen, the South-East Asia Connection”. Guo Chuyang was one of them.
The Guo Chuyang mansion (2024)
This trip was an opportunity to visit all the places that I love on Gulangyu. I also had the chance to visit the reopened Ba Guan Lou / 八卦楼, the largest mansion on the island that is also the organ museum.
There were a lot of visitors on Gulangyu as we landed on a Sunday, which was not so pleasant. Fortunately, by Monday most people were gone and the island was more tranquil. In 20 years of Gulangyu, the island has changed and has transformed into a tourist top spot. Best to visit it in the winter during a week day to get away from the crowd and enjoy its charm. And most importantly, stay overnight on the island.
As a lover of crime novels and Old Shanghai, new book “City of lost souls” by Martin Petersen just fits the bill perfectly.
1930s and 40s crime movies are often called “Film noir” (black movies in French). This comes from the original “Roman noir” (“black novel” in French), a particular type of crime novel also called hardboiled crime fiction. Characters of this kind of stories are often disappointed with life, having a cynical attitude. Besides classics like Raymond Chandler, the best modern author of the genre is probably James Elroy (See post “Perfidia” for more details). One of the best film noir is “Casablanca” with Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman that is some clear parallels with Old Shanghai.
A number of authors have tried to recreate Old Shanghai in crime novels. Some of the best attempts at Shanghai noir so far were Tom Brady’s “The master of rain” and MJ Lee “Death in Shanghai“. French readers can also enjoy Bruno Birolli’s “Le music-hall des espions“. “City of lots souls” is a great new addition with many of the genre’s cliches including a private detective, a femme fatale, a mystery and gun fights. The story keeps the reader turning the pages and the book is highly entertaining.
Author Martin Petersen has long been studying Old Shanghai history, and it shows in the book. Events fit right, characters are realistic and the author includes many smell, taste and noise that make the book feels like real. The book includes a large number of secondary characters that really existed, including media man Carl Crow, French jesuit Robert Jacquinot de Besange and Du YueSheng that are well played. It also reflects rightly the feelings of foreigners living in Shanghai at that time, including the attitude to Chinese people and drinking habits. Sometimes description of buildings and places are a little too long, but never boring.
The real Robert Jacquinot de Besange
There are few mistakes in Shanghai geography, with distances being sometimes underestimated compared to reality. For example, it is clearly not possible to see the French Park from Black stone apartments as mentioned in the book. Another point is the New Asia hotel, being mentioned as the headquarters of the Japanese in 1932… when it was actually built in 1933 on the ruins of the attack. A final point is about the Canidrome, that was not build by Henry Morris. Although located on a part of the former Morris estate, it was built by a group of French investors and run by French man Felix Bouvier. Still the author knows Old Shanghai well and errors are only minors, mostly on the French side.
The plot is interesting without being too complex, while taking the readers to various places in the city and beyond. Martin Petersen definitely got some inspiration from one of my favorite book, “Foreign devils on the Silk road” by Peter Hopkirk. The story is built around historical facts and feels right. The action is well paced making it a real page turner after having understood the weird and sometimes annoying page ordering. As a collector of Old Shanghai items and lover of film noir I recommend this book. Hopefully there will be some more episodes.
Year 2024 marked the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between France and the People’s Republic of China. Although it was not the beginning of the French-Chinese relationship, this was the opportunity for many cultural events shared by both countries. The main event for Old Shanghai lovers was surely the wonderful exhibition Resonance Art Deco Paris – Shanghai, which will last until mid February in Shanghai former British Consulate and should not be missed. Below are popular posts in 2024.
1 – The rise and fall of the Majestic Hotel The story of the star of Shanghai nigthlife in the 1920s, that disappeared in the 30s seems is a regular on the blog’s top searched posts. The reason why I wrote this post in 2017 was my own interest and the lack of information available on the topic. Apparently I am not the only one search for the lost Majestic Hotel, as this post has regularly been on the top of the list.
2 – 43 Brooklyn Court rental contrat Want to see an actual rental contract from Old Shanghai? This kind of real-life documents are rare, which is surely why it attracted attention from readers.
3 – French Concession detailed map Published in 2022, it seems to have taken off this year. There are not so many original detailed map of the French Concession online, hence the attention.
4 – Tasting Old Shanghai This post is definitely the oldest on the list, being from 2010. Talking about the Park Hotel bakery that is still running. It probably is popular for its link to Old Shanghai but also 1980s Shanghai nostalgia that is coming back in force.
5 – 繁花 Shanghai blossoms The Wong-kar Wai TV series about Shanghai in the 1990s took the city and China like a storm in January 2024. No wonder this post was popular.
Best wishes from the Shanghailander blog for 2025! Feel free to share it with all people interested in the topic.
Xiamen heritage is often linked to the island of Gulangyu about which I have written several posts. There is much more to it as Xiamen had 2 concessions. The original concession was the port of Amoy (English transcription close to the local dialect) / 厦门. It became part of the 5 first treaty port from the 1842 Nanjing treaty. It has to be noted that the prior battle of Amoy on 26th Aug 1841 was pivotal for the city and the whole of China.
As Amoy had long been a center for export of tea and silk, foreign trading companies found a natural home for their business. However, foreigners soon moved to Gulangyu to establish there base. The island became an international settlement in 1903, similar to the Shanghai international settlement. Modern urban development including paved road and electrification took place on the island, leaving the city behind for many years.
Fujian has a long been closely connected to South East Asia. Many Chinese traders moved to Melaka and Penang in the 18th and 19th Century. The main Chinese dialect in South East Asia is Hokkien, called MinNan Hua / 闽南话 in China, the language from South Fujian. The connection is also reflected in the food with Xiamen Sha Cha Mian being very close to Malaysian Laksa, and stir fried rice noodle being very similar in both places.
The return of Fujian immigrants from South East Asia in late 1920s sparkled the development of the city. With the 1929 crises taking on the World, China was still a good place to invest so people of South East Asian heritage cake back to Fujian. This fueled a construction boom in Amoy that transformed the city. Although technically a British Concession, Amoy was modernized by ethnic Chinese, not Westerners.
ZhongShan road / 中山路 feels very much like Shanghai Nanking Road (Today Nanjing Xi Lu / 南京西路). It was the high street were shoppers would flock, with a tramway line going up to the river. All buildings along this road date from 1929 or around that period, the time of the real-estate boom.
Colonial old style on Zhong Shan Lu
Although from the late 1920s, most of those buildings are of a style that was not modern of the time. With many glass color windows, they reflect more the style of colonial South East Asia than modernity. “Chinese from South East Asia were very conservative for architecture. They built in the style they knew, that was popular in South East Asia where they came from”, explained Aaron from Discover Amoy, a local friend who studied the history of his own city.
A few buildings in the area are of modernist style or Art Deco, including the ones above. Buildings on Zhong Shan lu have been restored, but it’s not the case of the side streets. A few steps away, nice buildings from the same time are still waiting for renovation. One of my favorite is Art Deco Orion novie theater.
Orion theater, a great art deco building
The main department store was run by French people, with “Epicerie” written on the store front (see below picture) of then and now.
Although Zongshan lu has received a lot of attention, the rest of the area is not so well preserved. It worth strolling around the whole area and enjoy the view. Hopefully, the preservation effort will be extended further.
A merry Christmas to all readers of Shanghailander with this 1930 Christmas Card from the Shanghai Fire Brigade. Christmas cards have long been a tradition in the UK. With its strong British flavor, Shanghai International Settlement was no exception.
The inside of the card is very classic with text “Best Wishes for a Merry Christmas and a Bright and Happy New Year.” At the bottom of the page: “Shanghai Fire Department” . There is also a handwritten note “Best Love to mother + Self, Dorothy xx “. I have not yet been able to find who Dorothy was but she was probably and employee or a board member of the Shanghai Fire Department in 1930.
